Chapter 5 (Sections 1-3)

; ex. 1:
(defn dr-chams-timeline [year]
  (cond
    (= year 1894)
    "Born."
    (<= 1895 year 1913)
    "Childhood in Louisville, Winston Co., Mississippi."
    (<= 1914 year 1919)
    "Worked at a pecan nursery; punched a Quaker."
    (<= 1920 year 1928)
    (str "Sailed in the Brotherhood of River Wisdomming, which journeyed the Mississippi "
         "River and engaged in thoughtful self-improvement, where he finished 140 credit "
         "hours from their Oarniversity.")
    (= year 1929)
    "Returned to Louisville to pen a novel about time-travelling pheasant hunters."
    (<= 1930 year 1933)
    (str "Took up a respectable career insuring pecan nurseries. Financially stable, he "
         "spent time in Brazil and New Mexico, buying up rare paper-shell pecan trees. "
         "Just as his notoriety came to a crescendo: gosh, he tried to bury himself "
         "alive.")
    (= year 1934)
    (str "Went back to writing his novel. Changed the hunters to insurance tycoons and "
         "the pheasants to Quakers.")
    (<= 1935 year 1940)
    (str "Took Arthur Cone, the Headmaster of the Brotherhood of River Wisdomming, as a "
         "houseguest. Together for five years, engineering and inventing.")
    (= year 1941)
    "And this is where things got interesting."))

; ex. 2:
(dr-chams-timeline 1941)

; ex. 3:
(cond
  (= year 1894) "Born."
  (<= 1895 year 1913) "Childhood in Louisville, Winston-Co., Mississippi."
  :else "No information about this year.")

; ex. 4:
(if (= 1894 year)
  "Born."
  (if (<= 1895 year 1913)
    "Childhood in Louisville, Winston Co., Mississippi."
    "No information about this year."))

; ex. 5:
(def opus-magnum true)
(defn save-hannah [] (let [success opus-magnum] nil))
; this doesn't really make sense, but then, the original Ruby example was just to
; demonstrate the lack of closures in Ruby

; ex. 6:
(def verb "rescued")
(doseq [verb ["sedated" "sprinkled" "electrocuted"]]
  (println "Dr. Cham" verb "his niece Hannah."))
(println "Finally, Dr. Cham" verb "his niece Hannah.")

; ex. 7:
(doseq [verb ["sedated" "sprinkled" "electrocuted"]]
  (println "Dr. Cham" verb "his niece Hannah."))
(println "Finally, Dr. Cham" verb "his niece Hannah.")
; results in an error, just like the Ruby example

; ex. 8:
(require '[endertromb.core :as endertromb])

(defprotocol WishMaking
  (grant [wm wish] "Grants a wish."))

(defrecord WishMaker [energy]
  WishMaking
    (grant [_ wish]
      (cond
        (or
          (> (count wish) 10)
          (re-find #" " wish))
        (throw (IllegalArgumentException. "Bad wish."))

        (zero? energy)
        (throw (Exception. "No energy left."))

        :else
        (do
          (endertromb/make wish)
          (WishMaker. (dec energy))))))

; ex. 9:
(def todays-wishes (WishMaker. (rand-int 6)))

; ex. 10:
(def todays-wishes (WishMaker. (rand-int 6)))
(grant todays-wishes "antlers")

; ex. 11:
(def number 5)
(print (inc number))

(def phrase "wishing for antlers")
(print (count phrase))

(def today-wishes (WishMaker. (rand-int 6)))
(grant todays-wishes "antlers")

; ex. 12:
(print (type 5))
(print (type "wishing for antlers"))
(print (type (WishMaker. (rand-int 6))))

; ex. 13:
(require '[endertromb.core :as endertromb])

(defprotocol MindReading
  (read [mr] "Reads minds."))

(defrecord MindReader [minds]
  MindReading
    (read [_] (map endertromb/read minds)))

; Ruby initialize method pulled out into the object instantiation:
(MindReader. (endertromb/scan-for-sentience))

; skipping all the irb stuff... (it's not relevant to Clojure)

; ex. 14:
(defprotocal Elevation
  (maintenance-password [this] "Maintenance password.")
  (authenticate [this password] "Checks password before operating."))

(defrecord Elevator [password]
  Elevation
    (maintenance-password [_] "stairs_are_history!")
    (authenticate [_ password]
      (when-not (= password maintenance-password)
        (throw (Exception. "bad password")))))

; Other Elevator methods would call (authenticate [_ password]) before executing
; their functions. If the password checks out, it returns nil and the rest of the
; method will happily execute. Otherwise, an exception is thrown.

; ex. 15:
(defn wipe-mutterings-from [sentence]
  (clojure.string/replace sentence #"\([^)]*\)" ""))

; ex. 16:
(def what-he-said
  (str "But, strangely (em-pithy-dah), I learned upon, played upon (pon-shoo) "
       "the organs on my home (oth-rea) planet."))

(wipe-mutterings-from what-he-said)

; ex. 17:
(defn wipe-mutterings-from [sentence]
  (when-not (string? sentence)
    (throw (IllegalArgumentException.
             (str "cannot wipe mutterings from a " (type sentence)))))
  (clojure.string/replace sentence #"\([^)]*\)" ""))

; ex. 18:
(def something-said "A (gith) spaceship.")
(wipe-mutterings-from something-said)

; ex. 19:
; (the "sentence = sentence.dup" example)
; there is no need to do this in Clojure, thanks to functional programming!

; ex. 20:
; (ditto)

; ex. 21:
(def s "A string is a long shelf of letters and spaces.")
(subs s 0 1)  ; A
(subs s 0)    ; A string is a long shelf of letters and spaces.
(apply str (drop 1 (drop-last 1 s)))   ; (drops first and last character)
(subs s 0 3)  ; A s
(re-find #"shelf" s)  ; shelf

; ex. 22:
; (same as ex. 17)

; ex. 23:
(def muddy-stick "Here's a ( curve.")
(wipe-mutterings-from muddy-stick)

; not a problem for our functional implementation using clojure.string/replace!

; ex. 24:
; Bingo! Here, _why uses gsub/regexp to improve this method. This is practically the
; same thing as our clojure.string/replace solution; _why just used a slightly
; different regexp, \([-\w]+\) than I did. Mine's better, though ;)

; ex. 25:
; Clojure doesn't encourage monkey-patching, but implementing this is still trivial
; and quite readable using ordinary functions:

(defn name-significance [name]
  (let [legend
        {"Paij" "Personal", "Gonk" "Business",
          "Blon" "Slave", "Stro" "Master",
          "Wert" "Father", "Onnn" "Mother",
          "ree" "AM", "plo" "PM"}
        syllables (clojure.string/split name #"-")]
    (clojure.string/join " " (map legend syllables))))

; BTW, you could technically "monkey-patch" the String type to add a
; "name-significance" method, extended from a protocol you create via Clojure's
; "extend-type" function, but the usage would be exactly the same:
; (name-significance "name"). So in this case, there isn't much point to using
; anything more complicated than an ordinary function.

; ex. 26:
(name-significance "Paij-ree")

; ex. 27:
; rather than monkey-patching, you could just do this:
(defn dash-split [s] (clojure.string/split s #"-"))

; if polymorphism is needed, you can use multimethods

; ex. 28:
(dash-split "Gonk-plo")

; ex. 29:
; (class String; def dash_split; split('-'); end; end)
; The equivalent to this in Clojure would involve using extend-type on Java's String
; class. It's not really necessary, though :)

; ex. 30:
; the equivalent part of our name-significance method is:
(map legend syllables)

; ex. 31:
(def cats-and-tips (map #(+ % (* % 0.20)) [0.12 0.63 0.09]))